Most of the books say that Classful routing protocol does not support classless subnets which is not 100% true, as they can send/receive some subnets even without its Mask. I am taking an example of RIPv1. This is a well-known fact that RIPv1 is a classful routing protocol hence MASK information does not travel with … Read more
It is very important to understand the structure of an IP packet especially if you are indulged in a lot of IP network troubleshooting. Today most of the networks has been built on IP and IPv4 is the most common IP addressing scheme used. IP addressing can be quite difficult with subnetting and supernetting coming … Read more
There are a number of flavors of ARP. I don’t know why we came up with different names but fundamentally their working are not very different in different scenarios. Its only the Media and technology which changes and calls ARP with different names: ARP(Address Resolution Protocol): The protocol used to determine MAC address using Network … Read more
If we see computer networks from a high level, it is clear that IP(in IP world) is responsible for carrying traffic from one network to another network. This is a separate topic of study, is called Routing in Cisco’s world. Routing defines how the traffic will flow in the network? what path will be taken? How the … Read more
Layer 2 of OSI model is called Data link layer. It performs a set of actions to exchange information from one computer to other. The data link layer works on the local network. Internetwork services are provided by higher layers like IP on layer3. The main functions of data link layer are as follows: A … Read more
Eventually IP became the most accepted protocol for layer 3 communication, but IP can transfer packet only up to one network but within one network we need an address on which packets can be transferred. As data link layer is responsible for communication in local boundaries so it becomes data link layer protocols'(Ethernet, 802.3, 802.5, … Read more
For understanding of networks and before jumping into Cisco stuff, it’s very necessary to understand OSI layer architecture. ISO standardized the network sharing process into 7 different layers and that complete model is called OSI layer model. OSI stands for Open System Interconnection and was standardized by ISO(International Organization for Standardization). OSI has a seven layer architecture and … Read more